Scripturelink Encyclopedia » Illusion and Reality

Aplogetics- The defense, or explaination of a position

stlazareth — Fri, 04 Jan 2008 17:23:36 +0000

Definition

From a Greek term meaning- to answer.
refers to general defense, or justification of any systematic approach, system, or grouping.
Explanation of beliefs, or societal action.
Justifiaction via common grounds.
Creation, and building of common ground.
Defense of a position of the Catholic Faith, via logical argument, reason, and the communication, whether directly or figuratively- of the true sense of the Saviour’s world, and her substance, and those things pertaining to spiritual edification.

The purpose of Apologetics

With the rise of illogic, and the human idea, and repetition of original sin, in the love of self to the point of despising God, and the idea that human beings can define their own truth, and not simply observe it,

truthful; explanation of actual truths is vital to the cause of Truth. The war between God and his enemies is one between that which is, and always will be, and that which, in God’s eyes, will pass, and is but like illusion in our universe (”like rags” Isaiah chapter 50 verse 9; James chapter 1, verse 11; Luke chapter 21- world pass away; Daniel chapter 2 verse 44; I Peter chapter 1 verse 22-25). Therefore, the apologist, has the greatest task- that of proving actual reality against the onslaught of self-enlightenment, and self-righteousness- which has abandoned the ancient greek form of Actual logic, in pursuit of secularism, and “enlightenment”.

The danger of such lies in the abuse of human rights throughout the world, particularily by companies, governments and systems which are largely unchallenged in false ideas of tolerance, and the propagation of good public images. The spread of apathy, and of dangerous religious, and secular mentalities has further spread, in a dangerous way.

Methods of Apologetics

The finding, or creation of common ground is vital to apologetics. If one cannot find a direct defense in such common ground, then one can find the concept, finally, if one cannot convince the fellow absolutely on a fact, the use of sections of the other’s world-view in order to justify, simply the allowance of a belief or action is useful. Generally, apologetics can be in a three part argument, the strongest coming first- that of absolute, and logical, contextual proof within common ground, the second part- furthers it, should this not satisfy- so as to show the concept of the practice or belief within such common framework, and further the idea that it is a strong, if not absolute truth. In all, one must remember who else sees such conversation, and remember that any conversion, can take time, or be instant, yet that while illogical people may reject truth, those around see an argument, and one cannot afford to allow certain perceptions from outside, friendly, neutral, or combative viewers of an argument. Action, also is vital to apologetics, and consistency, yet not submission to manipulative practices of others.

The order of the first two methods, should be determined by the situation, building on lesser arguments on concepts, (yet still never weak arguments) to stronger ones, can show other meaning to people, which is often vital to apologetics, when others have abandoned logical views. Strong arguments first, and then concepts in common ground, however are often just as, if not more useful, concerning circumstances, yet need to be used in a powerful way, and not appear to be withdrawals, so as to allow outsiders to see the logic of the Truth, over a combatent.

Finally, an escape clause is useful, a section in the other’s beliefs, which allows one to hold to practices even should they not be convinced. This clause would ideally include such options as allowing for the furthering of dialog on one’s own terms.

This duty to defend general truths, and Catholic truth is furthered by the history of Catholicism, and by the name of God (Yahweh- “I Am Who I Am”). It requires humble, yet not submissive determination to show truth true, yet prudence, and actual action, in the right amount of humble boldness.

Love

Further, love aims at truth (I Corinthians chapter 13 verse 6), and we should pursue truth, and obey it(I peter chapter 1 verse 22).

Biblical Apologetics

The use of religious manuscripts for apologetics, is generally reserved for those who are either in need of explanations of actual faith, or those who believe in it to some degree.

This method can have use, however it shouild not purely be based in such, but arguments, such as bales method should be utilized, and the above listed method used.

The Bible was created by the church, and we believe it because of the church. Any religion in fact must admit that the bible they follow, they follow because it was handed on to them as Divine, by others who believe it so. The idea that this book is simply accepted by “true Christians” is illogical, as different groups have always believed different beliefs, and the perpetrators of such illogic, themselves often disagree with one another. Also, these people’s bibles are vastly different from those of early Christians, and cannot justify their beliefs in any reasonable historical substance.

As The church created the bible, the context in which it is accepted is that of the church, and it itself can never contradict the church, as it was created by the church. Here, reference to early belief, as recorded in the writings of early Christians can be useful, also- one does not have to only use their own arguments, but must remember to fit any argument into the actual situation, and use their own logic, yet never water down Catholic beliefs.

Other truths

Depending on the beliefs of others, one may also show other truths to be so, or different from another’s perspective, particularly via metaphor, and comparison with common practices or sections of another’s religion.

Natural Law

This common law of morals, which is part of the makeup of man is useful, both in proving a common belief system, in that it is only damaged in areas that are commonly transgressed by specific individuals and societies, and in that all major religions, and all argument somehow recognises such, and appeals to such. Such law is a basis block of our legal system, and our version of what is just, unjust.

One may use the above method, examples, and parables to demonstrate similarities between practises and justify the beliefs of The Church. Often, with natural law, either showing the evidence for such, or talking conversationally about beliefs and similarities, can, via debate and conversation- show correct, Catholic beliefs, and practice.

Humility

stlazareth — Sun, 02 Dec 2007 18:15:46 +0000

“We are told to accept heaven as children, not because we are to see ourself as less than we are, but because we are but children. We do not know where we are, or who we are, or right from wrong, or anything- until we realize that we know nothing above that of God’s voice. Children are humble, and seek truth- and try to obey their parents. We too must look into ourselves, and see our knowledge of ourselves nothing before God, that we may hear, and obey, as though we had never heard before. We however, must see our reliance, and not blind ourselves to truth, or accept anything another says, for wisdom to God, is our version of foolishness. Ultimately, the humble man is the man who sees himself as he is, and knowing such- obeys God, his superior, reflecting always, and using the sacraments to put to death his other, evil man!” Marc Aupiais

-Marc Aupiais

Definition

Of low birth, conditions, circumstance, or value.
Lowliness, of little worth, or submissive.
To place one’s self in his true place, recognizing his own inadequacy, and foolishness, and seeking to gain truer knowledge, and above that wisdom, that he may better obey God, in his low position, which truly is low.

Humility (See Psalm 18)

Humility is vital to uplifting oneself before God. God aids those, who know their place and act according to it. Humility is an action of the beatitudes, whereby one realizes, not only his lack of self-gained objects and things, but also that his life is not defined by his possessions,

neither that of popularity, which belonged to Jesus with the same crowd who crucified him,

nor with his wealth, which cannot save him, and is subject to change with the season, and disappear with thieves, rust, age, or the whims of fate and natural disasters,

nor only with his own good habits (Psalm 18 verse 32), and virtue, which is given by God, and can be taken away, and are worthless without Charity (Christian word for love as in I Corinthians 13),

nor with knowledge, or shrewdness, which can be taken away, or turn out to be less than perceptions,
nor with his physical appearance, which can age, be the subject of damage, or change, or perhaps is not a great as one thinks it to be, or perhaps is greater,

nor with good reputation- the gift of society to the false prophets and enemies of God,

nor with his family and friendships, or livestock, or the achievements of his life, all can be taken, and achievements can become worthless, or disgraced in different societies.

Rather- the humble man does not compare himself with others, but rather with holiness, and aims purely of heart- that he may become holy as God is holy, and humbles himself, no longer competing for endless trivia, but rather empty of any thought of self reliance, in such a way that he relies utterly on God, aiming for the things of God, and focusing on what is best for both self and neighbor, but firstly for the aims of God. The Prayer of St. Francis of Assisi is one of humility, and honest, self denying truth.

This does not give a man the right to no longer work, for he must work, both for self and for God, and to give to those who are in need. This does not entitle a man to degrade himself, or his church, rather- false humility is sin. Rather- it is the utter readjustment of the conscience, in such a way that one values that in heaven over that on earth. The greatest in heaven serves all.

Catechism of the Catholic Church on humility

“2729 The habitual difficulty in prayer is distraction. It can affect words and their meaning in vocal prayer; it can concern, more profoundly, him to whom we are praying, in vocal prayer (liturgical or personal), meditation, and contemplative prayer. To set about hunting down distractions would be to fall into their trap, when all that is necessary is to turn back to our heart: for a distraction reveals to us what we are attached to, and this humble awareness before the Lord should awaken our preferential love for him and lead us resolutely to offer him our heart to be purified. Therein lies the battle, the choice of which master to serve.¹⁶“

http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__P9Q.HTM

“2778 This power of the Spirit who introduces us to the Lord’s Prayer is expressed in the liturgies of East and of West by the beautiful, characteristically Christian expression: parrhesia, straightforward simplicity, filial trust, joyous assurance, humble boldness, the certainty of being loved.” http://www.vatican.va/archive/catechism/p4s2a2.htm

“2742 “Pray constantly . . . always and for everything giving thanks in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ to God the Father.”³³ St. Paul adds, “Pray at all times in the Spirit, with all prayer and supplication. To that end keep alert with all perseverance making supplication for all the saints.”³⁴ For “we have not been commanded to work, to keep watch and to fast constantly, but it has been laid down that we are to pray without ceasing.”³⁵ This tireless fervor can come only from love. Against our dullness and laziness, the battle of prayer is that of humble, trusting, and persevering love. This love opens our hearts to three enlightening and life-giving facts of faith about prayer.”

http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/_P9S.HTM

“489 Throughout the Old Covenant the mission of many holy women prepared for that of Mary. At the very beginning there was Eve; despite her disobedience, she receives the promise of a posterity that will be victorious over the evil one, as well as the promise that she will be the mother of all the living.¹²⁸ By virtue of this promise, Sarah conceives a son in spite of her old age.¹²⁹ Against all human expectation God chooses those who were considered powerless and weak to show forth his faithfulness to his promises: Hannah, the mother of Samuel; Deborah; Ruth; Judith and Esther; and many other women.¹³⁰ Mary “stands out among the poor and humble of the Lord, who confidently hope for and receive salvation from him. After a long period of waiting the times are fulfilled in her, the exalted Daughter of Sion, and the new plan of salvation is established.”¹³¹“

http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/_P1K.HTM

“1218 Since the beginning of the world, water, so humble and wonderful a creature, has been the source of life and fruitfulness. Sacred Scripture sees it as “oveshadowed” by the Spirit of God:¹²“

http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/_P3I.HTM
Catechism of the Catholic Church- Compendium

“573. Are there objections to prayer?

2726-2728
2752-2753

Along with erroneous notions of prayer, many think they do not have the time to pray or that praying is useless. Those who pray can be discouraged in the face of difficulties and apparent lack of success. Humility, trust and perseverance are necessary to overcome these obstacles.” http://www.vatican.va/archive/compendium_ccc/documents/archive_2005_compendium-ccc_en.html

Bible on humility

“It is right that the brother in humble circumstances should glory in being lifted up,

¹⁰and the rich in being brought low. For the rich will last no longer than the wild flower;” James Chapter 1, verse 10 (New Jerusalem Bible)

http://www.catholic.org/bible/book.php?id=57

“⁹Shoulder my yoke and learn from me, for I am gentle and humble in heart, and you will find rest for your souls. ” Gospel according to Matthew Chapter 11 verse 9 (New Jerusalem Bible

http://www.catholic.org/bible/book.php?id=40&bible_chapter=11

“^2:3Seek Yahweh, all you humble of the land, who have kept his ordinances. Seek righteousness. Seek humility. It may be that you will be hidden in the day of Yahweh’s anger. ” Zephaniah Chapter 2, verse 3 (New Jerusalem Bible)

http://www.catholic.org/bible/book.php?id=36&bible_chapter=2

“^8:21Then I proclaimed a fast there, at the river Ahava, that we might humble ourselves before our God, to seek of him a straight way for us, and for our little ones, and for all our substance. “Book of Ezra, Chapter 8 verse 21 (new Jerusalem Bible)

http://www.catholic.org/bible/book.php?id=15&bible_chapter=8

“¹⁶Give the same consideration to all others alike. Pay no regard to social standing, but meet humble people on their own terms. Do not congratulate yourself on your own wisdom. “Epistle of St. Paul to the Romans Chapter 12 verse 16 (New Jerusalem Bible)

http://www.catholic.org/bible/book.php?id=45&bible_chapter=12

“⁵Say to the daughter of Zion: Look, your king is approaching, humble and riding on a donkey and on a colt, the foal of a beast of burden.” (about Jesus) Gospel According to Matthew, chapter 21, verse 5 (New Jerusalem Bible)

http://www.catholic.org/bible/book.php?id=40&bible_chapter=21

“¹I urge you by the gentleness and forbearance of Christ-this is Paul now speaking personally-I, the one who is so humble when he is facing you but full of boldness at a distance. ” 2nd Epistle of St. Paul to the Corinthians, Chapter 10, verse 1 (New Jerusalem Bible)

http://www.catholic.org/bible/book.php?id=47&bible_chapter=10

“²⁷you save a people that is humble
and humiliate those with haughty looks.”

Psalm 18, verse 27 (New Jerusalem bible)

http://www.catholic.org/bible/book.php?id=19&bible_chapter=18

Quotes on humility

“”In keeping with this,” continued the Pontiff, “sin is seen as a wound that penance alone can heal.”

“A man that has been injured in battle,” says Aphraates, “is not ashamed to put himself in the hands of a doctor. … Equally so, he who has been injured by Satan should not be ashamed to admit his fault and to distance himself from it, asking for the medicine of penance.”

Benedict XVI said that Aphraates also wrote that “Christian life is centered on the imitation of Christ, taking up his yoke, following him on the path of the Gospel,” and that humility is the main virtue of a disciple.

“It is not a secondary consideration in the spiritual life of a Christian,” said the Pope. “By remaining humble, even in his earthly surroundings, a Christian can establish a relationship with the Lord.”

“God is attracted to the man who loves, it is right to love humility and to stay humble,” the Holy Father said, quoting Aphraates. “Humble individuals are simple, patient, loving, honest, righteous, experts in what is good, prudent, serene, wise, calm, peaceful, merciful, ready to convert, benevolent, profound, thoughtful, beautiful and attractive.”

http://www.zenit.org/rssenglish-21071

“It is true that at times Jesus became powerful, he worked great miracles but he feared that people would see in him the Powerful One who does great things instead of the One who seeks to give Communion. So Jesus becomes little, he is humble and this because we admire the powerful, but we love the little ones, the child, the person who is weak, fragile. So for me Jesus is the One who becomes little, he is God who becomes little, who hides in the poor, the humble, the weak, the dying, the sick; because all these people who are particularly fragile are longing for love and I see this as the mystery of Jesus and that Jesus is love. Just as God is Love. Jesus is Love. Jesus knelt down in front of his disciples, he washed the feet of his disciples saying: «I must give you an example so that you will do what I am doing». So I think the world is waiting for a saviour who is little and humble and who comes to give love. «Come to me all you who are weary and I will give you my rest, because I am meek and humble of heart». I think that the whole mystery of Jesus is contained in these words: «I bend over him like a font of mercy» because all he wants is to love, to give his heart and all that He asks of us is to offer our hearts, and to receive this mystery of God’s love, the presence of Jesus. So for me Jesus is the One who is meek and humble of heart, who hides in the poor and who says, as we read in the Book of Prophets: «My son, give me your heart».“

http://www.vatican.va/jubilee_2000/magazine/documents/ju_mag_01071997_p-19_en.html

“I know the new Pope personally. I have had the honor of meeting him several times over the years in Rome. He is a very humble, personable man, quite different from the hard-line “enforcer” image which is often portrayed of him.”

http://www.zenit.org/article-12786?l=english

“St. Bernard defines it: “A virtue by which a man knowing himself as he truly is, abases himself.” ” http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07543b.htm

Resources Used

Vatican site

Catechism of the Catholic Church

http://www.vatican.va/archive/catechism/p4s2a2.htm

http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/_P9S.HTM

http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/_P1K.HTM

http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__P9Q.HTM

http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/_P3I.HTM

Catechism of the Catholic Church- Compendium

http://www.vatican.va/archive/compendium_ccc/documents/archive_2005_compendium-ccc_en.html

Jubilee

http://www.vatican.va/jubilee_2000/magazine/documents/ju_mag_01071997_p-19_en.html

Zenit News

http://www.zenit.org/rssenglish-21071

http://www.zenit.org/article-12786?l=english

New Jerusalem Bible on Catholic Online

http://www.catholic.org/bible/book.php?id=57

http://www.catholic.org/bible/book.php?id=40&bible_chapter=11

http://www.catholic.org/bible/book.php?id=36&bible_chapter=2

http://www.catholic.org/bible/book.php?id=15&bible_chapter=8

http://www.catholic.org/bible/book.php?id=45&bible_chapter=12

http://www.catholic.org/bible/book.php?id=40&bible_chapter=21

http://www.catholic.org/bible/book.php?id=47&bible_chapter=10

http://www.catholic.org/bible/book.php?id=19&bible_chapter=18

Curruption

stlazareth — Sat, 24 Nov 2007 09:24:53 +0000

Definition

State of decay.
Process, action or effect of moral decay.
The process whereby real spiritual beings and creation becomes less real, to the extent that over eternity, it loses the ability to exist in the presence of God. This decay is due to the perversion of good.
The natural decay of all visible, “physical” things after the advent of Original Sin.

Sacraments and The cure of corruption

God entered our world, and died, and rose again to “undo the work of the Devil”(1 john chapter 3 verse 8). By the hearing of the Gospel, and obedience to the church, which represents God on earth, we are given the grace to fight corruption via the sacraments, so long as we obey. The sacraments are about obedience. We obey God, and trust him, via the One True Church, and in return gain grace, which enables us to fight sin (Romans chapter 8 verse 13; I Timothy3 verses 14-16).

Reality to come

“when the perfect comes, the partial will pass away” (1 Corinthians 13 v10)
Biblical Decay

Due to the work of evil-The bible mentions a resulting decay, whereby due to an ability to sin, and the enmity with God caused by both original and personal sin, man gradually becomes a lesser spiritual being, haven “fallen” from his original grace. Being cut off from grace, by sin, man comes under the Devil’s domain (1 john chapter 3 verse 1), having been perverted and corrupted beyond worthiness in heaven. The cure to this, both lies in Baptism, and the Sacrament of the church, which saves people from the corruption of the world, and reverses (in this life and purgatory) the process whereby man, over eternity would become utmost corrupt and evil, and utterly repulsive to God, thereby deserving hell, for what he is, and the infinitely corrupt being he is to become.

Integrity

Integrity is the lack of corruption. It is the maintaining and stability in such of a structure. To have integrity is to not give in to corruption.

God’s Name and Integrity

God’s name YHWH (Yahweh) is thought to mean “I Am Who I AM” this name has many meanings, one of which is shown by Jesus, in calling himself “I AM”.

God does not change, or cede to corruption. He cannot decay. It could also be thought that the name “I Am” refers to existence, and true reality. The devil is known as the deceiver and god of change, and Father of lies. God could be seen as reality,while the devil represents illusion. That which is in God becomes more real, to the extent that it exists as Holy and separate forever. That which follows the devil, will become less “real”, to the extent that the soul cannot exist in heaven. The fight between church and world is between that which is “fading away”(The world and all that is of it) and that which cannot fade (The goodness in the church, which is the foretaste, and embodiment of Heaven on Earth).
Angels or Demons

According to the views of some:

The human person thereby is on a process, either to become like the angels(Luke Chapter 20 verse 36), or like devils (Job chapter 11 verse 20;Psalm 48 verse 15) whereby he becomes utterly immoral(like a devil), or truly Holy(like the angels) in the end (See C.S. Lewis- Mere Christianity).

Saved from corruption:

“Through these, the greatest and priceless promises have been lavished on us, that through them you should share the divine nature and escape the corruption rife in the world through disordered passion. “II Peter Chapter 1Verse 4 New Jerusalem Bible http://www.catholic.org/bible/book.php?id=59
Catechism on corruption

“77. What other consequences derive from original sin?

405-409
418

In consequence of original sin human nature, without being totally corrupted, is wounded in its natural powers. It is subject to ignorance, to suffering, and to the dominion of death and is inclined toward sin. This inclination is called concupiscence.” compendium

http://www.vatican.va/archive/compendium_ccc/documents/archive_2005_compendium-ccc_en.html

“401 After that first sin, the world is virtually inundated by sin There is Cain’s murder of his brother Abel and the universal corruption which follows in the wake of sin. Likewise, sin frequently manifests itself in the history of Israel, especially as infidelity to the God of the Covenant and as transgression of the Law of Moses. and even after Christ’s atonement, sin raises its head in countless ways among Christians.²⁸⁷ Scripture and the Church’s Tradition continually recall the presence and universality of sin in man’s history:”

http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/_P1C.HTM

“2284 Scandal is an attitude or behavior which leads another to do evil. the person who gives scandal becomes his neighbor’s tempter. He damages virtue and integrity; he may even draw his brother into spiritual death. Scandal is a grave offense if by deed or omission another is deliberately led into a grave offense.”

http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/_P80.HTM

Scripture and Corruption

God notes “My word will not fade away” and of the church it is the “pillar and foundation of truth” (I Timothy 3 verses 14 to 16) and “the gates of hades will not overcome it” the core message of Christianity can never change. While it can be expanded, it may never contradict the original message, or the interpretation of the original church. The church, also- cannot cede to the corruption of our world. It’s decisions are safeguarded when acting as Christ as to doctrine and morals (Acts 15) and God is the head of the church. Paul notes those “cut off from the head”, and that “divisions in the church are evil” of schisms, and so- the original church must still exist, for the righteous would never abandon it, but remain in it, for “it is wrong to do evil that good may result”, and it is the body of the church that fights heresy, and safeguards the truth(I Timothy 3 verses 14 to 16; 1 John 2 v 19), those who left it over so-called heresy left as those who are not of it. God would not cause one to steal from his original church to safeguard his word against and from it.

Resources

http://www.ewtn.com/library/PAPALDOC/jp2tb51.htm

The Disobedient and ever controversial Feeney

stlazareth — Wed, 14 Nov 2007 13:54:43 +0000

Feeney- a catholic priest who preached that those not within the visible church, couldn’t be covered in any circumstance by baptism of desire. Feeney was excommunicated after refusing to submit to the church. He died- having reconciled with the church, and , but never repented his incorrect view.

Details

His view, while supported by many quotes, disagreed also with many quotes of the fathers.

Ultimately, Vatican II settled the issue of Baptism of desire for the church, who infallibly looked at the issue. Feeney believed that the Church’s statements were open to personal interpretation. The Pope at the time stated that like the scripture, they were not open to such. As the Apostle Peter said- “Prophesy is never a matter left up to the individual”(II Peter chapter 1 Verse 20).

Feeney named the pope of his time, and others who declared baptism of desire true to be heretics (”Feeney himself says of Baptism of desire: “That is heresy!”" http://www.ewtn.com/library/SCRIPTUR/FEENEY2.TXT) , and believed that the church’s teaching was contrary to what it itself thought it to be.

Feeney’s excommunication, for disobeying the summons to Rome (many times), was later lifted, out of the Church’s decision to allow diversity in the church, by a later pope. Feeney’s followers are known as the Feeneyites. Other controversial decisions of Feeney included his choice to communally raise children, never attempted by the Church before, but done by heretical groups in the past.

The church relooked at the doctrine of “outside the church no salvation” declaring it to be true, but that it should be interpreted as the church set out. As truth cannot contradict truth, this doctrine must be interpreted with Baptism of desire in mind.

Please see our article on this issue (”extra ecclesiam nulla salus”) , also see our article (http://scripturelinkencyclopedia.stblogs.com/2007/11/20/eastern-orthodoxy-a-mystery-of-our-eastern-brothers/) and our section on scripture and corruption in(http://scripturelinkencyclopedia.stblogs.com/2007/11/24/curruption/). Also note what the Bible says- “hold the faith you originally heard”, and the church is the “pillar and foundation of the truth”, and our article on authority (Authority of the State, Church, God, Angels and others).

Further resources

http://www.ewtn.com/expert/answers/outside_the_church.htm

http://www.catholic.com/thisrock/2005/0512fea3.asp

http://www.ewtn.com/expert/answers/outside_the_church.htm

http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/audiences/alpha/data/aud19950531en.html

www.ewtn.com/library/SCRIPTUR/FEENEY2.TXT

On extra ecclesiam nulla salus

Resources

This Rock Magazine

http://www.catholic.com/thisrock/2005/0512fea3.asp

http://www.catholic.com/library/Salvation_Outside_the_Church.asp